A REGIONAL INVENTORY OF ROCK GLACIERS AND ICE‐CORED MORAINES IN NORWAY     

KARIANNE S. LILLEØREN  BERND ETZELMÜLLER 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2011,93(3):175-191

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Cenozoic tectonics and landform evolution of the coast and adjacent highlands of southeast New South Wales     

M. C. Brown 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):245-257

The Upper Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic Rocks in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, have been subjected to at least three phases of folding. The first involved the formation of inclined folds and less common reclined folds. These structures are overprinted by usually upright, moderately tight, second and third generation folds which may show a well developed axial plane crenulation cleavage.

The metamorphism commenced prior to the appearance of penetrative structures and continued in many areas until after the third phase of deformation. It appears to have had its greatest effect during the static period following the first phase of folding.

Mineral assemblages of the pelitic rocks indicate that the metamorphism is of the low pressure‐intermediate type and that there are at least four progressive zones of metamorphism, namely, chlorite, biotite, andalusite‐staurolite, and sillimanite. Cordierite occurs in the sillimanite zone and kyanite is sporadically distributed in the andalusite‐staurolite zone. In the Angaston‐Springton region separate andalusite and staurolite zone boundaries may be delineated which cross as they are traced towards Angaston. This relationship is considered to be due to higher pressures operating during metamorphism in the latter area.

The maximum pressure and temperature reached in the metamorphism of these rocks are discussed in the light of recent experimental data.  相似文献   

Evaluation of drainage networks developed in hard rock terrain     

M. Sameena  J. Krishnamurthy  V. Jayaraman  G. Ranganna 《国际地球制图》2013,28(5):397-420

An attempt was made to study the influence of various factors such as geology, landforms, slope, soil, landuse/cover on the development of the drainage network. To compare and evaluate drainage networks developed in various geologic terrains, differing in rock type and structure, three sub-basins of the Bhadra river basin, located in Chikmagalur district, Karnataka, India were selected for the study. Quantitative morphometric analysis was carried out for both linear aspects and areal aspects for all three sub-basins. The applicability of Horton's laws was also studied. Each of the quantitative parameters was interrelated with thematic details derived from remote sensing data. The results of the study indicate that the drainage characteristics are entirely different for all three sub-basins. The study has also established the applicability of Horton's laws pertaining to quantitative morphometry of the sub-basins.  相似文献   

Landform Influences on Treeline Patchiness and Dynamics in a Changing Climate     

《自然地理学》2013,34(5):403-437

Local landforms and microtopography control site conditions, spatial patterns, and dynamics in treeline landscapes. Several topography-related treeline types are presented and their responses to a warming climate discussed. On rugged mountain terrain, pronounced changes in vertical range and variety of treeline landscapes will not take place as long as debris slides and avalanches occur regularly. On intensively eroded steep terrain, trees will mainly colonize convexities. On trough shoulders and similar gentle topography with irregular mosaics of convex and concave landforms, tree establishment is most likely to take place on convex topography. On gentle slopes and rolling uplands, where the proportion of wind-swept terrain is comparatively large, microsite facilitation appears to be a precondition for tree establishment. At higher elevations, the relative importance of shelter-providing landforms will increase due to windier conditions. At the beginning of treeline rise, seedling establishment, growth, and survival are closely related to local landforms and microtopography and their effects on site conditions. Later, the feedback from trees on their environment may overrule the effects of landforms.  相似文献   

察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物粒度特征研究   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

李继彦  董治宝  李恩菊  鲍峰  杨宁宁 《中国沙漠》2012,32(5):1187-1192

对雅丹地貌沉积物的研究可以判别雅丹地貌沉积物形成的沉积环境。主要采用了粒度分析方法对察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌的沉积物进行分析研究。结果表明:①形成雅丹地貌的沉积物主要包括粉沙、极细沙、黏土和细沙;②粒度分布曲线主要有呈不对称的双峰分布、近乎对称的双峰分布和单峰分布等4种类型。呈双峰态的分布曲线,主、次峰均位于粉沙粒级和极细沙粒级,区别仅是两个粒级含量的高低;③雅丹地貌沉积物的平均粒径介于3.95～7.18 Φ之间,平均值为5.97 Φ;标准离差变化范围为1.37～2.47,平均值为1.99;偏度的变化范围为-0.27～0.58,平均值为0.10;峰态的值介于0.71～1.28之间,平均值为0.93。运用萨胡判别公式及沉积物粒度组成和粒度分布曲线特征进行判断,可知察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物的形成环境主要为湖相、滨湖相和河流、三角洲沉积环境,同时还有浊流沉积和极少的风沙沉积环境,形成环境十分复杂。  相似文献   

Land use/cover, landforms and fragmentation patterns in a tropical dry forest in the southern Pacific region of Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leopoldo Galicia  Alba Esmeralda Zarco-Arista  Karla Ivette Mendoza-Robles  José Luis Palacio-Prieto  Arturo García-Romero 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):137-154

In spite of widely documented studies of deforestation rates and land use/cover changes in tropical dry forests in Mexico, relatively little is known about fragmentation patterns in such forests. This study defines the spatial distribution of landforms and land use/cover types the lower Papagayo River basin and examines their influence on fragmentation patterns and biological diversity in a tropical dry forest in that southern Pacific region. The land use/cover map was constructed from aerial photographs, Landsat TM imagery (2000) and fieldwork. Landform units were defined based on altitude, slope, lithology and morphology. Landscape fragmentation parameters were obtained using FRAGSTATS (version 3.3) considering the numbers of patches, mean, minimum and maximum patch size, edge density, total edge and connectivity. Results show tropical dry forest to be remnant vegetation (~11 per cent), characterized by isolation and low connectivity. Land use/cover types have different effects on fragmentation patterns. Agriculture and cattle raising produce similar numbers of patches, but with a different mean size; and human settlements have a scattered distribution pattern. The abandonment of rural agricultural livelihoods has favoured the expansion of secondary tropical dry forest characterized by continuity and high connectivity, which suggests a high regeneration potential from land abandonment. It can be concluded that tropical dry forest fragmentation and recovery at regional scales depend on such landscape attributes as lithology, slope, geomorphology and management.  相似文献   

Early Holocene deglaciation of the eastern coast of Hudson Bay     

Patrick Lajeunesse   《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):341-352

The final stage of deglaciation of Hudson Bay was a major Holocene catastrophic event marked by the drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway at ~ 8.47 ka cal BP and the rapid collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Previous work undertaken in the Nastapoka River area (eastern Hudson Bay) demonstrated that during the relative sea level highstand that shortly followed the drainage of the lake, the western margin of the Québec–Labrador ice sector rapidly retreated eastward to reach a stillstand position in a coastal hill range. In this study, an analysis of Landsat 7TM images has allowed a mapping of large-scale glacial landforms (outwash deposits, eskers, flutings, and De Geer and Rogen moraines) between Kuujjuaraapik (SE Hudson Bay) and Puvirnituq (NE Hudson Bay). The key results from this mapping are: i) ice-contact outwash deposits mapped along the entire arc-shaped coastline of the eastern Hudson Bay outline a major ice stillstand phase in the coastal hills that extended at least from Kuujjuaraapik to Inukjuak. The presence of these hills allowed a stabilisation of the ice margin that led to the accumulation of thick and extensive ice-contact submarine fans. ii) The position of these deposits on the down ice side (west) of large sets of flutings indicates an important phase of sediment delivery by a rapid ice flow phase toward a marine-based ice margin. iii) A second system of outwash deposits observed farther inland indicates a subsequent phase of stabilisation of the ice margin during its retreat toward central Québec–Labrador.  相似文献   

辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌特征及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘剑刚  张华  伏捷  何红  伏乾科  祝业平  兰玉波  王颖  马明军 《冰川冻土》2014,36(6):1420-1429

通过对以老秃顶子为中心的辽东冰缘地貌分布区考察研究, 发现区内广泛发育的冰缘地貌类型为石河、石流坡、石海, 偶见石堡、雪蚀洼地、寒冻风化崩坍崖和倒石堆. 砾石大小不一, 堆积混杂无序, 在地表径流的作用下, 具有潜在的移动性. 风化淋溶以石流坡地貌最为显著, 土壤营养元素含量及成壤作用均以石河最优. 石下暗河发育, 上覆植被多样, 植被类型随海拔自高向低可划分为灌草丛、灌丛、矮曲林、暗针叶林、针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林, 其群落类型变化与冰缘过程趋于复杂化具有一致的发展趋势. 由于该区生境条件苛刻, 植被演替极慢且容易发生山地灾害, 建议加强人为干预, 改善植被覆盖状况, 促进演替进度, 以提高此冰缘地貌的稳定性.  相似文献   

Reconstructing pre-erosion topography using spatial interpolation techniques:A validation-based approach   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

BERGONSE Rafaello  REIS Eus  bio 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(2):196-210

Understanding the topographic context preceding the development of erosive landforms is of major relevance in geomorphic research, as topography is an important factor on both water and mass movement-related erosion, and knowledge of the original surface is a condition for quantifying the volume of eroded material. Although any reconstruction implies assuming that the resulting surface reflects the original topography, past works have been dominated by linear interpolation methods, incapable of generating curved surfaces in areas with no data or values outside the range of variation of inputs. In spite of these limitations, impossibility of validation has led to the assumption of surface representativity never being challenged. In this paper, a validation-based method is applied in order to define the optimal interpolation technique for reconstructing pre-erosion topography in a given study area. In spite of the absence of the original surface, different techniques can be nonetheless evaluated by quantifying their capacity to reproduce known topography in unincised locations within the same geomorphic contexts of existing erosive landforms. A linear method (Triangulated Irregular Network, TIN) and 23 parameterizations of three distinct Spline interpolation techniques were compared using 50 test areas in a context of research on large gully dynamics in the South of Portugal. Results show that almost all Spline methods produced smaller errors than the TIN, and that the latter produced a mean absolute error 61.4% higher than the best Spline method, clearly establishing both the better adjustment of Splines to the geomorphic context considered and the limitations of linear approaches. The proposed method can easily be applied to different interpolation techniques and topographic contexts, enabling better calculations of eroded volumes and denudation rates as well as the investigation of controls by antecedent topographic form over erosive processes.  相似文献   

The significance of landforms – the contribution of geomorphology to the World Heritage Programme of UNESCO          下载免费PDF全文

Piotr Migoń 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(6):836-843

This discussion paper addresses the role of geomorphology in designating UNESCO World Heritage properties. Two of the defined criteria employed in the process are explicitly relevant to geomorphology. Criterion (vii) emphasizes the occurrence of superlative natural phenomena, while criterion (viii) directly refers to landforms and on‐going surface processes, along with historical geological values. Superlative natural phenomena may be singular features, but in recent nominations the focus has tended to be on geomorphic diversity over limited areas. Overall, this is a criterion significantly influenced by subjective judgement. The significance of landforms, as included in the wording of criterion (viii), may be considered in three ways. Landforms may be significant for the science of geomorphology itself, and/or for other natural science disciplines, particularly biology and ecology, and/or be of wider cultural significance, including for history, architecture, general landscape aesthetics, art, or religion, underpinning cultural developments. To better determine the conditions to be fulfilled by a property to be considered as geomorphologically significant at the highest global level required for World Heritage listing seems a timely and useful exercise. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献